Transcode docker plex. Feb 10, 2024 · Server Version#: 1.


 

Transcode docker plex. 1 on a Synology NAS that runs DSM 7. When it comes back up, go into the Unraid Nvidia page again, and take note of the UUID of the GPU you want to use for transcoding. I'm running Plex in a Docker container on unRaid. Dec 6, 2021 · When the command has completed you should be able to see Plex running in the list of containers in the Synology GUI. 96. /plex-transcode-vpdntb63w8dzwia7k9fhfzdv-be9ebc59-76c4-457d-b8da-9dbc29bf1dee I found this after getting complaints about docker disk usage during Jan 5, 2023 · Hardware transcoding not working in docker - Plex Media Loading I have mapped the device to /dev/dri as it says on dockers page to allow for hardware transcoding. By Daniel · 2421 words · 18 min read · Last updated: December 23, 2022. The docker image is only maintaining its own DB on a HD local to the host machine. 40. 2 New Intel Arc A380 installed, drivers installed as per Intel: Ubuntu* 22. That worked fine, but I’ve started having issues where the container shows high CPU and becomes unhealthy. Ultimately, the recommendation will be to add a dedicated transcoding box that uses Intel QuickSync. Master container Official Plex Docker container on which has been added a bunch of stuff to make it compatible with slave containers running remote transcoders: Apr 21, 2023 · The process is automatic and you don’t need to worry about specific details. Script & Docker to stop unwanted transcode streams - martabal/Plex-stop-transcoding Oct 19, 2023 · 碎碎念:由于Plex套件每次更新都要去官网下载文件来更新,我又是个强迫症,每次都想更新,就导致了想把Plex从套件迁移到Docker的想法,但是网上的教程大多数都是套件安装,于是便有了今天的教程。 注册表搜索 Plex 第一个就是Plex官方的镜像 Dec 21, 2022 · Server Version#: Version 1. Nov 27, 2022 · Nothing seems to actually get the Plex docker container to use the iGPU but switching my extra parameter back to "--runtime=nvidia" and hardware transcoding works fine again. I also did some HDR content, and the HDR tone mapping feature seems to work pretty well for the transcoding. BUT I think I finally figured out to make this work from docker! It goes for around $200 and it’s a beast for 4K transcoding. I turned it on within the transcoding section in Plex settings but still don't get the (HW) when transcoding Jan 2, 2024 · Not as a docker container. In order to make Plex Hardware Transcoding work over https, it’s also mandatory to set up WebSocket. 3. I'm just curious and wants to learn how to do it. Decided to try it out. 1 iOS Hi folks, recently got the Plex Pass and an NVIDIA Quadro card to enable hardware transcoding so I can watch stuff on the go, but it’s not working as expected. May 1, 2024 · Enjoy Plex with Hardware Transcoding! Note: If you want to run the Plex container over an HTTPS connection, check my guide on How to Run Docker Containers Over HTTPS. 5") - - VMs/Jails; 1 xASUS Z10PA-D8 (LGA 2011-v3, Intel C612 PCH, ATX) - - Dual socket MoBo We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Getting the Transcoding working with Plex in a Docker is an arcane art, with the only advantage being that it restarts automatically if it hangs. The few errors i see in the logs include: Oct 24, 2022 20 Aug 11, 2019 · Introduction The purpose of this guide is to give an overview of hardware transcoding with Plex. I've moved over my existing Plex configuration from my old nas (both run the Linuxserver/Plex docker container) and can't get hardware transcoding to work. Feb 10, 2024 · Server Version#: 1. In my case, Intel GPU drivers for Ubuntu 22. When you install Plex for the first time, the codecs it needs to transcode media files are not installed by default. change from plexinc/pms-docker to mauimauer/spritsail-plex - Save it, let it rebuild, hopefully all is well If you have issues you can try starting with a different template from Community Apps - say, linuxserver, and make the same changes. note: If there is no value set for the VERSION variable, then no updates will take place. using plex docker through unraid here, normally you are mounting/linking the whole appdata folder the same as it looks as if you run the server on windows. To confirm your host kernel supports the Intel Quick Sync feature, the following command can be executed on the host: Aug 2, 2024 · Discover how to use Docker and NVIDIA GPU to enable efficient transcoding on your Plex media server. c. Processor Usage: Transcoding a media file can be CPU intensive. Big shoutout to Blindax on r/Proxmox for pushing me to make this work and Jan 7, 2015 · Hey everyone, just thought I'd put this up here after reading a syslog by another forum member and realizing a repeating pattern I've seen here where folks decide to let Plex create temporary files for transcoding on an array or cache device instead of in RAM. Can you help me ? 😉 I’m looking for a mini PC, silent (or almost because it’s positioned in the living room), low consumption and powerful enough for max. Jan 5, 2023 · On the host. I also notice that a "Transcode" folder exists in the AppData config directory for Plex. I managed to get it working inside Docker for GPU transcoding. What is Plex hardware transcoding? When Plex first became available, the CPU did all the video processing. My OS would be Debian because I also have several Jul 12, 2024 · Server Version#: 1. Seeing that Plex doesn't use much memory, but does a lot of writing to disk while transcoding, I'm assuming that writing Mar 22, 2023 · Hi everyone, this is my first attempt at making guide here, only using proxmox for a few weeks now, I really hope it’s helpful to someone. 5. Dec 7, 2020 · GPU transcoding doesnt work with Plex official docker. It’s more bulky and less power efficient but NVidia GPU-based HW transcoding will produce better quality image. 04 and I’m running Plex through a Docker container. 24. 7162 Player Version#: Any Hi I just purchased my Plex Pass subscrition in order to use HW transcoding on my PMS which is installed in a docker container on Ubuntu 22. PLEX_CLAIM= Optionally you can obtain a claim token from https://plex. Feb 24, 2024 · Hi everyone, I can’t decide which Mini PC to choose. Nous allons ajouter une commande dans "Extra parameters" --device /dev/dri:/dev/dri permet l'utilisation des drivers GPU du processeur. The setting up of card and it showing Read morePlex hardware encoding with Intel Arc A380 Running binhex-plex docker on unRAID 6. 4 - 4k HDR transcodes. You can create a container using a pre-built image (recommended) or build your own. Only after you log into Plex, or begin to transcode media files will Plex install the necessary codecs. Because of how plex docker works, you vant first try to transcode with your igpu, then your gpu; its relying entirely on your igpu which is failing and falling back to cpu processing only. I can seem to get anything in the directory when I cd /dev/dir. 12. Aug 17, 2023 · Converting the video (transcoding) happens automatically, in real-time, while you’re playing it. Plex can be installed on Linux, macOS, Windows e. Docker Recreate your container, adding the following to the command. You CAN use a different directory name other than /transcode, however, it MUST match between PMS and all Workers, as well as be configured within Plex as the transcoding path: Plex transcodes at breakneck speed to fill the buffer for each show, then settles down, so it really only takes 2-3 to hit “100%”. I recently migrated my install to Docker. How do i configure Plex to transcode to RAM/Array/Cache? A1. I’m using the official Plex Media Server Docker image, and my host is running the current version of Clear Linux. In the Unraid web interface, navigate to “Docker” and click “Add Container. Looking at the Plex console, red errors appear. I run it in docker-compose like this devices: - /dev/dri:/dev/dri. I have an i7 3770 with quicksync on. While some media server software (e. Plan to follow the guide to do so but I noticed in my docker settings it has Apr 18, 2023 · Getting Plex hardware transcoding and HDR tone mapping to work requires two components: 1) The Plex LXC GPU drivers for your Proxmox host GPU. Dolby Vision, is an entirely other mess Jul 27, 2018 · Currently my dual Xeon x5690 can handle 2 4K transcodes at once, adding 2 more would help a lot. May 25, 2023 · Tip!: Most of the Bandwidth and Transcoding Limit features require an active Plex Pass subscription for the Plex Media Server admin Plex account. I do not have a "/transcode" path declared in the container template. Mar 11, 2024 · Disable transcoding of the video stream in transcoder operations. io’s docker container - all been working fine for almost a year. Use hardware-accelerated video encoding Aug 3, 2020 · Make sure that you mount the volumes docker/plex/config to /config and docker/plex/transcode to /transcode before you run the adjusted container afterwards. Jun 28, 2019 · If you’re using Docker for your containers and you followed the instructions for the official Plex container or the linuxservers container, you should already have a folder mapped to /transcode. Keep in mind that the claim tokens expire within 4 minutes. 76-1 (Bookworm 12. 11. After a few minutes you should be able to access the server and go through the Plex setup by going to the IP of your NAS in your browser followed by port 32400/web/ Apr 18, 2023 · Touching on Plex running native vs Plex in Docker would have been very helpful. May 16, 2023 · Hi there, sharing experience and a guide on how i got this working. io template) add the below Compose: runtime: nvidia environment: - NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=all - Edit the docker container, and change the repository to mauimauer's, e. Copy it somewhere. Plex has a simple interface and it organizes the data in beautiful libraries that make it easy for one to access them. On web plex I can not even play the original version but on apps I can play the original without issues, as soon though as I try to transcode the app jus Just to further test, I also disabled the HW Transcoding feature (remember, hw transcoding is only available if you have Plex Pass, for those reading) and the CPU spiked up to 80%. Apr 4, 2022 · Plex media server is a powerful full-featured server that allows one to stream media over the internet via compatible devices. From Community Apps, install the official Plex container (Plex Media Server, distributed by plexinc). REPLY ON YOUTUBE Sep 3, 2023 · Plex Media Server is a versatile and popular platform for managing and streaming your media library. Do I need Hardware Transcoding? The version of this guide you follow will depend on whether you want hardware transcoding, this is available to Plex Pass holders and requires your Synology CPU to have Intel Quick Sync capabilities. 87. I have problems transcoding all files that use EAC3 sound (Dolby Digital+). 6244 (version variable) and transcoding is back. 2. The Plex Media Server is smart software that makes playing Movies, TV Shows and other media on your computer simple. 0. Your cpu cant really handle it at all. 9. 03 adding native support for GPU passthrough and Plex support for GPU transcoding being reliable and stabe, it's now very easy to get both working together for some super duper GPU transcoding. Driver currently in use: 515. Haswell quicksync does not support decoding hevc media. Oct 22, 2023 · As of right now, hardware transcoding does not work when using Synology’s GUI. Special thanks to ChuckPa on the Plex forums for the help. 150M . 86. Randomly today transcoding is broken. Output should look like the previous check above. This was on a whim after learning from the forums that this card actually excels at transcoding, and popular among Plex enthusiasts. Mar 26, 2014 · Has anyone tried setting their transcode directory to /dev/shm? I may be picking up a server with 72gb of memory (36gb /dev/shm), and it'll be dedicated to running only Plex. If this option is enabled and the video stream would require transcoding to be compatible for playback, then it can result in playback failing. 07 (nvidia-smi result in my plex container) GPU appears as a hardware transcoding device (and HDR tone mapping is disabl Jul 14, 2022 · Hat den Titel des Themas von „How to install Plex on OMV6 with docker + docker-compose + docker image linuxserver/plex“ zu „How to install Plex on OMV6 with docker image linuxserver/plex + On the fly transcoding files only in tmpfs (living on RAM not HDD)“ geändert. Jun 12, 2023 · Server Version#: 1. 30. I am using plex via docker (ubuntu server host via VM vSphere). The guide will also provide recommendations for adding hardware transcoding to your existing setup. 04. A combined docker image for the unified deployment of itsToggle's, yowmamasita's, and ncw's projects -- plex_debrid, zurg, and rclone - I-am-PUID-0/pd_zurg That transcoding support is available to any software running on the NAS, though how it is run (i. I’d guess the limit is 10-12, no problems, as long as you don’t start them all within 60 seconds. VERSION=docker: Set whether to update plex or not - see Application Setup section. Mar 7, 2024 · QNAP TS-664 Docker, Hardware transcoding not working - Plex Forum Loading Your cpu is Haswell. Share on: This Post describes how to set up Plex in a Docker Container while using the hw transcoding functionality from my Quadro GPU and the nVidia Toolkit. I have a video below explaining how to use it with the Plex package, which will allow you to use the Plex package OR Docker. Create a Plex Docker container. 177-dc5df788 I’m experiencing an issue with hardware transcoding on my Plex setup and could use some help. 2 host on a PC with Intel N100 processor. I have passed /dev/dri in the Docker Compose file, and from the server GUI, I can see the device I seem to be missing a step with getting HW transcoding to work with my I3 12100. Claim your server¶ When running Plex on a docker bridge network, you can't Jan 7, 2015 · Now open Plex -> Settings -> Transcoder and change the path to "/tmp": If you like to verify it's working, you can open the Plex containers Console: Now enter this command while a transcoding is running: df -h Transcoding to RAM-Disk works if "Use%" of /tmp is not "0%": Sep 3, 2023 · Create a Docker Container for Plex: Now, create a Docker container for Plex Media Server with GPU support. There is a way around this. One way to significantly enhance its performance and transcoding capabilities is by harnessing The same applies to the /transcode directory, in both PMS and the Workers. Once it's installed, configure it Since during transcoding the data is written to disk and most typical Synology configurations have overhead of mechanical drive movements, RAID, etc, I found that by leveraging docker's mount type tmpfs I was able to speed up transcoding response times from points of stutters to relatively smooth buffering. 0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GP107GL [Quadro This docker consist of two dockers: -Plex docker modified to wrap the executable "Plex New Transcoder" -A Transcoder Orchestrator that create/delete/manage the DO machines and the intercomunication between Plex and DO Docker is installed and I use Plex with the configuration underneath. I did put together a Docker SPK based off the latest docker binaries as the synology docker has issues with with the --device switch, but even with the synology docker you can make it work by starting the container in privileged mode which passes through the /dev folder. I know that when you use docker, Plex doesnt get low level access to the GPU. Your Plex Media Server is generally limited by three main things: processor power, network speed, and storage space. TizuTech provides step-by-step instructions to get started with GPU-accelerated transcoding and improve the performance of your Plex server. Not sure what I'm missing here but hopefully I'm just overlooking something. Mar 7, 2024 · QNAP TS-664 Docker, Hardware transcoding not working - Plex Forum Loading Jan 6, 2024 · Server Version#: 1. Here is how i have it setup Esxi Host — Ubuntu headless server install VM — VM image stored on esxi HD — Movie / TV Show directories stored on NFS (v3) NAS The Host is Feb 13, 2019 · Click Save followed by Apply. Am wanting to change transcode to RAM. I have an ARC A380 GPU running on Ubuntu 24. And since Plex isn't supported properly at the moment in DSM7 preview, it would work with a Docker-installation instead. I have followed the following guide in order to enable HW transcoding: The thing is that when trying to check if Quicksync recognises my GPU I get the following Then you will need to go into the docker container and change transcoding inside plex to /transcode under settings-transcoder-transcoder temporary directory Step 2: This was required for my system to use Quicksync properly as the out-of-box docker container wouldn't work naturally. Webui can be found at <your-ip>:32400/web. However, there are some things that happen during transcoding that deserve your consideration. Click on the button to SHOW ADVANCED Enable "Use hardware acceleration where available". All clients just break and report transcoder crashed. alltogether with agents, scanners, posters and what not. The hardware portion of this guide assumes: You have an existing NAS with all of your media on it Feb 7, 2020 · Hello, Can you please add hardware transcoding for Raspberry Pi 4 plex media server? All the best, P. Possibly that it is also powerful enough for the future and not to have change it in two years. Jan 7, 2024 · I recently grabbed an Intel Arc A380 GPU for $99. I am trying to follow Docker I have docker desktop for windows installed on windows 10. 21. 4 Player Version#: 1. Make sure its running properly in CLI with 'docker run --rm --runtime=nvidia --gpus all ubuntu nvidia-smi'. 3358-5fd2a504, Plex Web Version 4. Install Plex. I am having a hard time getting hardware transcoding to work. In docker-compose for plex (i use the linuxserver. A docker-compose or docker run command is required. 04 (the LXC OS) and Alder Lake 2) Plex Media Server (PMS) built-in media drivers that support your specific GPU. 5) with the offical Docker Image from Plex and (setup as Docker Compose by official Plex/Docker Documenation) HW accelerarted Transcoding will fail. g. 0-rc5 Hardware: ASROCK X670E PRO RS + AMD Ryzen 9 7900 + DDR5 + Cache NMVE I have been trying to get the plex container to transcode using hw but was not succesful until I found somebody in Reddit referencin Aug 22, 2017 · Looking for some help. Feb 13, 2024 · Server Version#: 1. Hardware transcoding is a Plex Pass feature that can be added to your Docker container by bind mounting the relevant kernel device to the container. 7210 Player Version#: 4. Once the container is set up, you can start deevus/docker-plex-remote-transcoder. The user send a request to the Plex server; The request is caught by UnicornLoadBalancer; The UnicornLoadBalancer answer a HTTP 302 with the URL of the UnicornTranscoder; The transcoder will send a request to the Plex Media Server May 2, 2020 · With Docker 19. This commit does not belong to any branch on this repository, and may belong to a fork outside of the repository. 0 Today I installed my new Intel A380 into my Linux server running on kernel 6. com Dec 23, 2022 · Running Plex in Docker with Hardware Transcoding | digital-creations. If I started more it would just take longer to fill the buffers. Another approach is desktop PC and NVidia GPU. May 28, 2024 · Hi, I’m using Plex server 4. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Any pointers on how can I further debug this would be greatly appreciated! lspci | grep NVIDIA 01:00. Apr 16, 2023 · I am trying to get HW transcode working. 3 LTS HW: Intel NUC 13 Pro (NUC13ANHi7 - Intel Iris Xe) I bought this box for running a dedicated Plex-server (no VM or Docker). The official container works just fine for me. I have an 19-13900 CPU with GPU I can get a docker container created with docker run -d &hellip; Nov 17, 2023 · After installing NVIDIA Drivers and map the device in my docker compose (PLEX is hosted in container station), GPU isn’t used to transcode. Does anyone know what that way around is? Pretty much asking how to give low level access to the GPU in a docker container in Ubuntu. 7639 Player Version#: 8. 04 (jammy) — Intel® software for general purpose GPU capabilities documentation Mounted into the Plex container as ‘/dev/dri’ and ‘privileged: true’ (this 100% works for the Intel iGPU This repository contains a set of Docker containers that make the set up of Plex-Remote-Transcoder, a distributed transcoding backend for Plex, easy and fast. Grant access to graphics device nodes. tv/claim and input here. I just noticed that there isn't a folder designated for Transcodes in my server's settings. I wrote a blogpost explaining with is needed to get it working: Plex transcoding with Docker – NVIDIA GPU. Log Back into Plex and navigate to Settings > Transcoder. Read more about Plex 4K transcoding here, and here you will find good Plex Server examples with prices. plex: container_name: plex image Feb 3, 2020 · The only downfall to running Plex in a docker container is that you don't have the ability to use hardware accelerated transcoding due to docker not having proper access to the root file system and permissions/access issues to the drivers used to transcode. There are three modes, bridge, macvlan, and host. Below are the different options for setting transcoding for Plex and Plex Pass:- Transcode to RAM - create a new volume mapping, host path /tmp and container path /transcode then define TRANS_DIR so that it points at ram drive e. 108. While a CPU can transcode a video, it did have one drawback. Generally, the more powerful the Plex Media Server’s CPU the better, as transcoding is a CPU intensive Apr 25, 2017 · ERROR - [Transcoder] [ac3_eae @ 0x2fd4f40] EAE - Plex Forum Loading Aug 22, 2017 · Looking for some help. 125. 29. My movies are all stored on a NAS drive via NFS. . with official plex docker. 6497 Player Version#: Plex for Windows Version 1. Some steps are more detailed than others. --device /dev/dri:/dev/dri -m 8G Sep 16, 2020 · Yes I know. The problem is that when I transcode anything using the latest version of Plex in Docker, it defaults to using the CPU instead of the GPU Jul 8, 2023 · Server Version#: 1. I can’t find any ‘clean’ tutorials how to install the support for HW-transcoding (QuickSync / i915 / Iris Xe). 31 I have a small T9 Mini PC with an Alder Lake processor Intel N100. Anyone know of a specific motherboard that supports Intel 11th gen iGPU Plex docker container passthrough for hardware transcoding? I've followed along the various unRAID forums on how to enable it but have determined that my motherboard doesn't support the feature. The first 4 ‘rules’ generally are no longer as important as they once were, but may still be a good thing to bear in mind. I got everything to work but HW transcoding is not working. crw-rw----+ 1 root video 226, 0 Jan 5 15:20 card0 crw-rw----+ 1 root render 226, 128 Jan 5 15:20 renderD128 In the container For questions and comments about the Plex Media Server. :- TRANS_DIR=/transcode By default the container has 2 volumes defined, the volume /config that contains the configuration files and the volume /transcode which is used as the default transcode directory. I’ve since edited the docker template to use 1. See full list on smarthomebeginner. t. 1. Using a 4K file transcoding to 1080p to stress test it. e. 04 VM on Proxmox. It seems a bit excessive, I know, but it's what the hosting company has offered me at a great price. Have Plex running in a docker container on a Ubuntu 20. -v /dev/shm:/transcode. I've followed countless guides on how to enable transcoding with unraid and my current config looks like this: Docker: Linuxserver/plex container (latest) Let it do its thing, then reboot the server. With this set, the transcoder may still transcode audio as well as remux video. 32. , as a native package or within an Docker container) can make it more complex to set up. Watching the videos and going thru guides. In the logs, that looks like this (repeated until I restart the container): EAE not running, or wrong folder? Could not read Feb 13, 2021 · For OMV 6 proceed to the second post: OMV 6 It is quite tricky to get Plex hardware transcoding working on OMV in a docker container with nvidia graphics cards. So psyched to figure this out. ”. Hdr tone maping in particularly is way Docker Hub Container Image Library | App Containerization Feb 19, 2019 · NOTE: for 2022 – Plex has come a long way since this FAQ was originally written, HW transcoding has become more available and more stable, and tone mapping was recently added to address the hdr/sdr color conversion issues. Jan 7, 2015 · Plex Docker FAQ Q1. -m 8G permet de limiter en RAM l'utilisation du conteneur PLEX. note: For new users, no updates will take place on the first run of the container as there is no preferences file to read your token from, to update restart the Docker container after logging in through the webui. Overview. nnn Player Version#: Any OS: Ubuntu Server 22. 57. Here is how i have it setup Esxi Host — Ubuntu headless server install VM — VM image stored on esxi HD — Movie / TV Show directories stored on NFS (v3) NAS The Host is Mar 5, 2021 · 2) Activation du transcodage hardware dans le conteneur PLEX a) Edition du conteneur PLEX. Unraid version: 6. It took me quite some time to get it working, but now I'm able to use my Nvidia Quadro P400 to transcode. 7639 Player Version#: 1. If a client was not able to play a specific video codec, Plex would have the CPU transcode the video. Dec 6, 2021 · In this guide I am going to take you through the setup of Plex in Docker. 4 xSamsung 850 EVO Basic (500GB, 2. While transcoding a video, the CPU usage would spike to 100%. 4076-a3ab948d In a Rootless Docker Setup (done by official Docker Documentation) on a Debian 6. I’ve passed through /dev/dri to the Docker container, and enabled hardware transcoding. CPU is pegged at 100%. 1 with LinuxServer. 48. 4931-1a38e63c6 Player Version#: 7. These codecs are used by Plex to generate the optimized versions of the media files. When I attempt to perform a transcode, I get the following log message: Debug — [Req/Transcode] Codecs: hardware transcoding: testing API vaapi for device '/dev/dri Jan 7, 2017 · Plex synology package is not compatible for hardware transcoding on intel synology NAS like DS916+ using intel quicksync you cas see this post Is the HW transcode enable in the plex for docker package on synology ? Jan 7, 2017 · I’m using the hw-transcode preview under docker on a DS916+ without issue. after my research it looks like its not possible because /dev/dri is owned in Oct 25, 2022 · I’m on Unraid 6. 8. Plex pass with hw transcoding selected. Plex Initial Setup. Jun 2, 2023 · Before creating a Docker container, you would first need to configure the networking parameters of your Plex Docker container. I recently installed a new NVIDIA Quardro P2000 GPU in my homelab. I'm having a brain-dead day. Aug 29, 2021 · Server Version#: v1. Using the free, software-based transcoding in Plex Media Server, home computers can seamlessly convert and stream video in real-time to any Plex app. For questions and comments about the Plex Media Server. , Plex and Emby) have native Synology packages, they’re the exception, and limiting yourself to only those will mean Dec 9, 2022 · Aiming to mostly replicate the build from @Stux (with some mods, hopefully around about as good as that link). I just disconnected my phone from the local Wifi and launched a show. tblli guvjku iqylbyr enupbp zgzbdrx ssvdv wuct xjhcaq odsa ezf